Njira yopangira magolovesi a nitrile otsika-halogen ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa magolovesi wamba a nitrile, omwe amaonekera kwambiri pakulamulira kuchuluka kwa halogen, kusankha zipangizo zopangira, ndi kukonza bwino njira yopangira. Izi ndi kusanthula kwa zovuta za ndondomekoyi, maulalo ofunikira komanso zovuta zaukadaulo:
I. Kuvuta kwa njira yopangira
1. Kusankha mozama zinthu zopangira
- Kupeza latex ya raba ya nitrile butadiene yokhala ndi halogen yochepa:
Latex wamba wa nitrile butadiene rabara angagwiritse ntchito zoyambitsa, ma emulsifiers kapena ma catalysts okhala ndi halogen (monga mankhwala okhala ndi chlorine) panthawi ya polymerization, pomwe njira ya halogen yochepa imafunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyambira yopanda halogen/yotsika ya halogen (monga peroxodisulphate m'malo mwa choyambitsa chokhala ndi chlorine) kapena kuchotsa halogen yotsala kudzera mu njira yoyeretsera pambuyo pake.
Zoletsa za othandizira ofanana:
Zinthu zothira sulfurizing, zothira chitsulo, zoteteza ku ma antioxidants ndi zina zowonjezera ziyenera kupewa zinthu zokhala ndi halogen (monga bromine-containing flame retardants, chlorine-containing vulcanization accelerators), ndipo ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zosawononga chilengedwe (monga halogen-free vulcanization systems, silane coupling agents, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zimakhala zodula komanso zovuta kuzigwirizanitsa ndi ntchito ya zowonjezerazo. 2.
2. Kulamulira kwa halogen pakupanga
-Kukonza njira yopangira polymerization:
Kuchita kwa NBR polymerization (monga emulsion polymerization) kuyenera kuwongolera molondola kutentha, kupanikizika ndi nthawi yochitira zinthu, kuti achepetse kupanga kwa zinthu zina (monga ma halogenated hydrocarbons). Njira zochepa za halogen zingafunike nthawi yayitali yochitira zinthu kapena polymerization yogawika, zomwe zimawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso zovuta pakuchita zinthu.
Kuyeretsa ndi kuyeretsa:
Pambuyo pa polymerization, latex iyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ambiri, kulekanitsidwa kwa centrifugal ndi njira zina kuti ichotse ma monomers otsala a halogenated ndi zowonjezera, magolovesi wamba angafunike nthawi 1-2 zokha kuti atsukidwe, pomwe magolovesi otsika a halogen amafunika nthawi 3-5 kapena kuposerapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yokonza madzi akuda ikhale yochepa komanso kuti ndalama zoyeretsera madzi ziwonjezeke.
Makhalidwe apadera a njira yowumitsa:
Njira yowumitsa iyenera kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu pa kutentha kwambiri kuti ipange mankhwala a halogen, ingafunike kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowumitsa wotentha pang'ono kapena ukadaulo wowumitsa wa vacuum kuti iwonjezere nthawi yopangira.
3. Kuwunika bwino kwambiri
- Kuwunika molondola kuchuluka kwa halogen:
Zipangizo zowunikira bwino kwambiri (monga ion chromatograph, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer) zimafunika kuti ziwunikire kuchuluka kwa Cl ndi Br mu gulu lililonse la chinthucho (malire ozindikira ayenera kukhala pamlingo wa ppm), pomwe magolovesi wamba amatha kuyang'aniridwa kokha ngati ali ndi mawonekedwe enieni (monga mphamvu yokoka ndi kutalika kwake pakung'ambika).
Kulinganiza magwiridwe antchito m'njira zambiri:
Chithandizo cha magolovesi otsika mtengo chingakhudze momwe magolovesi amagwirira ntchito (monga kusinthasintha, kukana kubowoka), ndipo ndikofunikira kusintha njira yogwiritsira ntchito (monga kuwonjezera mapulasitiki apadera, zinthu zolimbitsa) kuti zigwirizane ndi magolovesi otsika mtengo, amphamvu kwambiri, komanso omasuka, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuyesa kwakukulu komanso kukonza bwino magawo.
Njira zazikulu zopangira zinthu
Mwachitsanzo, kupanga magolovesi otsika a nitrile butadiene pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochotsera mavuvu, njira ndi zovuta zake ndi izi:
1. Kukonzekera kwa Latex
-Kukonzekera latex yotsika ya halogen:
Sankhani latex ya raba ya nitrile butadiene yokhala ndi halogen yochepa (halogen ≤ 150ppm), onjezerani mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe si a halogenated (monga zinc oxide + sulfur yellow system), ma accelerators osakhala a halogenated (monga hyposulfonamides), antioxidant (monga phenyl naphthyl amines), sakanizani bwino ndikusefa kuti muchotse zonyansa.
-Zovuta: kufalikira kosagwirizana kwa zowonjezera kungayambitse kusokonekera kosakwanira kapena kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito, zida zoyeretsera kwambiri zimafunika.
2. Chithandizo cha nkhungu
-Kupaka mankhwala asanayambe:
Zinyalala ziyenera kuviikidwa ndi kuphimbidwa ndi mankhwala otulutsa mpweya osakhala a halogenated (monga starch kapena cellulose solution) poyamba kuti zisamamatire panthawi yotulutsa magolovesi, magolovesi wamba angagwiritse ntchito mankhwala otulutsa mpweya opangidwa ndi halogenated (monga chlorinated paraffin).
3. Kuviika magolovesi ndi kuwononga mavulcanization
-Kuviika m'magawo:
Choyamba, kuviika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito primer (kuti muwonjezere kumamatira), kenako kuviika latex kuti ipange thupi la magolovesi, gawo la ndondomekoyi liyenera kuviika kangapo kuti liwonjezere makulidwe, ndikuumitsa pambuyo pa kuviika kulikonse (kutentha ≤80℃, kuti mupewe kupangika kwa halogenation).
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito Vulcanization:
Kutentha kwa magolovesi achikhalidwe a nitrile vulcanization ndi pafupifupi 120-150℃, pomwe njira yotsika ya halogen ingafunike kutentha kochepa komanso vulcanization yayitali (monga 100℃ × mphindi 60) kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa zowonjezera kuti mupange mankhwala a halogen pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu.
4. Kutsuka ndi kuumitsa
-Kusamba m'magawo ambiri:
Pambuyo pa magolovesi opunduka, muyenera kutsuka ndi madzi oyeretsedwa kwa nthawi zoposa 3 kuti muchotse zotsalira zothandizira ndi mankhwala osungunuka a halogen, ndipo kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo kumafunika pambuyo potsuka kulikonse.
Kuumitsa:
Gwiritsani ntchito kuyanika mpweya wotentha (kutentha ≤ 90 ℃) kapena kuuma pogwiritsa ntchito vacuum kuti muwonetsetse kuti chinyezi chili pansi pa 1%, kuti mupewe kusamuka kwa ma halogen ion m'malo ozizira.
5. Kuyesa ndi kulongedza
- Kuyesa kwa Halogen:
Kusankha mwachisawawa kwa gulu lililonse kuti muyese kuchuluka kwa Cl-, Br- (ngati ion chromatography ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, malire nthawi zambiri amakhala Cl ≤ 900 ppm, Br ≤ 900 ppm, ndi ma halogen onse ≤ 1500 ppm).
-Mayeso a magwiridwe antchito:
Mphamvu yokoka (≥14MPa), kutalika kwa kung'ambika (≥600%), kukana kubowoka (≥10N) ndi zizindikiro zina ziyenera kugwirizana ndi ASTM D6319 ndi miyezo ina.
III. Mavuto aukadaulo ndi momwe makampani alili
1. Kugwirizana pakati pa mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito
Chifukwa cha zipangizo zokwera mtengo komanso nthawi yayitali yogwiritsira ntchito, mtengo wopangira magolovesi otsika a halogen ndi 20%-30% kuposa magolovesi wamba a nitrile, ndipo mphamvu yopangira imachepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 15% (monga nthawi yayitali yotsuka ndi kuumitsa).
2. Chiwopsezo cha kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito
Mphamvu ya vulcanization ya zowonjezera zina zokhala ndi halogen yochepa ndi yotsika poyerekeza ndi zowonjezera zachikhalidwe zokhala ndi halogen, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa kukana kwa magolovesi okalamba, ndipo ziyenera kulipidwa ndi ma nano-fillers (monga silica) kapena ukadaulo wolumikizirana wa composite.
3. Kulimbikitsa malamulo okhudza chilengedwe
Kuletsa kwa EU Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zina Zoopsa mu Directive ya Zida Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi (RoHS), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ndi miyezo ina kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsika mtengo zamagetsi kuti zithandizire kukonza zinthu.
4. Kuchuluka kwa makampani
Pakadali pano, magolovesi apadziko lonse lapansi okhala ndi halogen yochepa amapangidwa makamaka ndi Top Glove yaku Malaysia, Ansell yaku United States ndi makampani ena akuluakulu. Makampani am'nyumba monga Lanshan Medical ndi Ingenics Medical pang'onopang'ono akudutsa zopinga zaukadaulo zokhala ndi halogen yochepa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-27-2025